Ipuleti lensimbi

Kuyinsimbi eyisicaba ejikijelwa ngensimbi encibilikisiwe bese icindezelwa ngemva kokupholisa.
Iyisicaba, iwunxande futhi ingagoqwa ngokuqondile noma isikwe emigqeni yensimbi ebanzi.
Ipuleti lensimbi lihlukaniswe ngokushuba, ipuleti lensimbi elincanyana lingaphansi kuka-4 mm (elincane kakhulu lingu-0.2 mm), ipuleti lensimbi eliwugqinsi eliphakathi lingu-4-60 mm, kanti ipuleti lensimbi eliwugqinsi liyi-60-115. mm.
Amashidi ensimbi ahlukaniswe abe yi-hot-rolled and cold-rolled ngokusho kokugoqa.
Ububanzi bepuleti elincane buyi-500 ~ 1500 mm; ububanzi beshidi eliwugqinsi buyi-600 ~ 3000 mm. Amashidi ahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwensimbi, okuhlanganisa insimbi evamile, insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, insimbi yengxubevange, insimbi yasentwasahlobo, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi yamathuluzi, insimbi engashisi, insimbi enensimbi, insimbi ye-silicon neshidi lensimbi elihlanzekile lemboni, njll.; Ipuleti le-enamel, ipuleti elingangenwa izinhlamvu, njll. Ngokuhambisana nendawo engaphezulu, kukhona ishidi eliwuthayela, ishidi elifakwe ithayela, ishidi elifakwe umthofu, ipuleti lensimbi eliyinhlanganisela yepulasitiki, njll.
Insimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy ephansi
(eyaziwa nangokuthi insimbi evamile ephansi ye-alloy, i-HSLA)
1. Injongo
Ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ekwenzeni amabhuloho, imikhumbi, izimoto, ama-boilers, imikhumbi enengcindezi ephezulu, amapayipi kawoyela negesi, izakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi, njll.
2. Izidingo zokusebenza
(1) Amandla aphezulu: ngokuvamile amandla ayo okukhiqiza angaphezu kuka-300MPa.
(2) Ukuqina okuphezulu: ubude budingeka bube ngu-15% ukuya ku-20%, futhi ukuqina komthelela ekamelweni lokushisa kungaphezu kuka-600kJ/m kuya ku-800kJ/m. Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu ezishiselwe, ukuqina kokuphuka okuphezulu kuyadingeka.
(3) Ukusebenza okuhle kwe-welding kanye nokusebenza okubandayo kokwakha.
(4) Izinga lokushisa eliphansi elibandayo elibi.
(5) Ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle.
3. Izici zesithako
(1) Ikhabhoni ephansi: Ngenxa yezidingo eziphezulu zokuqina, ukushisela kanye nokwakheka okubandayo, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni akudluli u-0.20%.
(2) Engeza izakhi zengxubevange ezisekelwe kumanganese.
(3) Ukwengeza izakhi ezisizayo ezifana ne-niobium, i-titanium noma i-vanadium: inani elincane le-niobium, i-titanium noma i-vanadium lakha ama-carbides amahle noma ama-carbonitride ngensimbi, okuzuzisa ukuthola okusanhlamvu okuhle kwe-ferrite nokuthuthukisa amandla nokuqina kwensimbi .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengeza inani elincane lethusi (≤0.4%) kanye ne-phosphorus (cishe i-0.1%) kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala. Ukwengeza inani elincane lezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba kungasusa i-sulfurize ne-degas, kuhlanze insimbi, futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina nokusebenza kwenqubo.
4. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa low ingxubevange steel kwesakhiwo
I-16Mn iwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi olukhiqiza kakhulu lwensimbi ene-alloy high-strength ezweni lami. Isakhiwo esisetshenziswayo siyi-ferrite-pearlite eqinile, futhi amandla aso acishe abe ngu-20% kuya ku-30% ngaphezu kwalawo ensimbi evamile ye-carbon structural steel Q235, futhi ukumelana nokugqwala komkhathi kuphezulu ngo-20% kuya ku-38%.
I-15MnVN iyinsimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu ezinsimbini ezinokuqina okumaphakathi. Inamandla aphezulu, nokuqina okuhle, ukushisela kanye nokuqina kokushisa okuphansi, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni izakhiwo ezinkulu njengamabhuloho, ama-boilers, nemikhumbi.
Ngemuva kokuthi izinga lamandla lidlule i-500MPa, izakhiwo ze-ferrite ne-pearlite zinzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, ngakho-ke insimbi ephansi ye-carbon bainitic iyathuthukiswa. Ukwengezwa kwe-Cr, Mo, Mn, B nezinye izakhi kunenzuzo ukuthola isakhiwo se-bainite ngaphansi kwezimo zokupholisa umoya, ukuze amandla aphakeme, ukusebenza kwepulasitiki nokusebenza kwe-welding nakho kungcono, futhi kusetshenziswe kakhulu kuma-boilers anengcindezi ephezulu. , imikhumbi enengcindezi ephezulu, njll.
5. Izici zokwelashwa kokushisa
Lolu hlobo lwensimbi ngokuvamile lusetshenziswa esimweni esishisayo nesipholile futhi aludingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile kokushisa. I-microstructure esetshenziswayo ngokuvamile i-ferrite + sorbite.
Ingxubevange yensimbi carburized
1. Injongo
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni amagiya okudlulisa ezimotweni nakogandaganda, ama-camshafts, ama-piston pin nezinye izingxenye zomshini ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Izingxenye ezinjalo zihlushwa ukungqubuzana okuqinile nokugqoka ngesikhathi somsebenzi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zithwala imithwalo emikhulu eshintshanayo, ikakhulukazi imithwalo enomthelela.
2. Izidingo zokusebenza
(1) Isendlalelo se-carburized esingaphezulu sinokuqina okuphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumelana okuhle nokugqokwa nokumelana nokukhathala, kanye nepulasitiki efanele kanye nokuqina.
(2) Umnyombo unokuqina okuphezulu namandla aphakeme ngokwanele. Uma ukuqina komgogodla kunganele, kulula ukuphuka ngaphansi kwesenzo somthwalo womthelela noma ukulayisha ngokweqile; lapho amandla enganele, isendlalelo se-brittle carburized siphuka kalula futhi sihlutshiwe.
(3) Ukusebenza okuhle kwenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa Ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-carburizing (900℃～950℃), izinhlamvu ze-austenite akulula ukukhula futhi zibe nokuqina okuhle.
3. Izici zesithako
(1) Ikhabhoni ephansi: okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuvame ukuba ngu-0.10% kuya ku-0.25%, ukuze umnyombo wengxenye ube nepulasitiki eyanele kanye nokuqina.
(2) Engeza izakhi ze-alloying ukuze uthuthukise ukuqina: Cr, Ni, Mn, B, njll. kuvame ukungezwa.
(3) Engeza izakhi ezivimbela ukukhula kwezinhlamvu ze-austenite: ikakhulukazi engeza inani elincane lezinto eziqinile zokwakha i-carbide i-Ti, V, W, Mo, njll. ukuze wenze i-alloy carbides ezinzile.
4. Ibanga lensimbi nebanga
20Cr low hard hardability alloy carburized steel. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunokuqina okuphansi namandla ayisisekelo aphansi.
20CrMnTi medium hard hardability alloy carburized steel. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunokuqina okuphezulu, ukuzwela okushisayo okuphansi, ungqimba olufana nolunye lwe-carburizing, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini nezobuchwepheshe.
I-18Cr2Ni4WA kanye ne-20Cr2Ni4A high hardenability alloy carburized steel. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi luqukethe izakhi ezengeziwe ezifana ne-Cr ne-Ni, linokuqina okuphezulu, futhi linokuqina okuhle kanye nokuqina komthelela wezinga lokushisa eliphansi.
5. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kanye nezakhiwo ze-microstructure
Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi ye-alloy carburized ngokuvamile ivala ngokuqondile ngemva kokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing, bese ishisa ngokushisa okuphansi. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, ukwakheka kongqimba olungaphezulu lwe-carburized yi-alloy cementite + tempered martensite + inani elincane le-austenite egciniwe, futhi ubulukhuni buyi-60HRC ~ 62HRC. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko sihlobene nokuqina kwensimbi kanye nosayizi wezingxenye eziphambanayo zezingxenye. Uma isiqine ngokugcwele, iyi-martensite ene-carbon tempered martensite enobulukhuni obungu-40HRC ukuya ku-48HRC; ezimweni eziningi, i-troostite, i-martensite enomoya kanye nenani elincane lensimbi. Umzimba we-elementi, ubulukhuni buyi-25HRC ~ 40HRC. Ukuqina kwenhliziyo ngokuvamile kuphakeme kuno-700KJ/m2.
I-alloy ecishiwe nensimbi epholile
1. Injongo
I-alloy quenched and tempered steel isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezahlukahlukene ezimotweni, ogandaganda, amathuluzi omshini neminye imishini, njengamagiya, imishayo, izinduku zokuxhuma, amabhawodi, njll.
2. Izidingo zokusebenza
Izingxenye eziningi ezicishiwe nezinomoya ophansi zithwala imithwalo ehlukahlukene yokusebenza, isimo sokucindezeleka siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izakhiwo eziphelele zemishini ziyadingeka, okungukuthi, amandla aphezulu kanye nepulasitiki enhle kanye nokuqina. I-alloy ecishiwe nensimbi ethambile nayo idinga ukuqina okuhle. Kodwa-ke, izimo zokucindezeleka zezingxenye ezahlukene zihlukile, futhi izidingo zokuqina zihlukile.
3. Izici zesithako
(1) Ikhabhoni emaphakathi: okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-0.25% no-0.50%, ngo-0.4% ngobuningi;
(2) Ukwengeza izakhi Cr, Mn, Ni, Si, njll. ukuthuthukisa ukuqina: Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukuqina, lezi zakhi ze-alloy nazo zingakha i-alloy ferrite futhi zithuthukise amandla ensimbi. Isibonelo, ukusebenza kwensimbi engu-40Cr ngemva kokucisha nokwelashwa kokushisa kuphakeme kakhulu kunensimbi engu-45;
(3) Engeza izakhi ukuze uvimbele uhlobo lwesibili lokufutheka kwentukuthelo: ingxubevange yensimbi ecishiwe nepholile equkethe i-Ni, Cr, ne-Mn, ethambekele ohlotsheni lwesibili lokufutheka ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu nokupholisa kancane. Ukwengeza i-Mo no-W kunsimbi kungavimbela uhlobo lwesibili lokufutheka kwentukuthelo, futhi okuqukethwe kwakho okufanelekile kungaba ngu-0.15% -0.30% Mo noma u-0.8% -1.2% W.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezakhiwo zensimbi engama-45 nensimbi engu-40Cr ngemuva kokucisha nokushisa
Ibanga lensimbi nesimo sokwelashwa kokushisa Usayizi wesigaba/ mm sb/MPa ss/MPa d5/ % y/% ak/kJ/m2
45 insimbi 850 ℃ amanzi quenching, 550 ℃ tempering f50 700 500 15 45 700
I-40Cr steel 850 ℃ ukucisha uwoyela, 570 ℃ ukushisa f50 (core) 850 670 16 58 1000
4. Ibanga lensimbi nebanga
(1) 40Cr ukuqina okuphansi okucinyiwe kanye nensimbi epholile: Ububanzi obubalulekile bokucisha uwoyela walolu hlobo lwensimbi buyi-30mm kuya ku-40mm, esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezibalulekile zosayizi ojwayelekile.
(2) I-35CrMo medium hardenability alloy ecishiwe nensimbi epholile: ububanzi obubalulekile bokucisha uwoyela walolu hlobo lwensimbi ngu-40mm kuya ku-60mm. Ukwengezwa kwe-molybdenum akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukuqina, kodwa futhi kuvimbele uhlobo lwesibili lokufutheka kwentukuthelo.
(3) I-40CrNiMo i-alloy ephezulu yokuqina kwe-alloy ecishiwe kanye nensimbi epholile: ububanzi obubalulekile bokucinywa kwamafutha kwalolu hlobo lwensimbi yi-60mm-100mm, iningi lazo eliyinsimbi ye-chromium-nickel. Ukwengeza i-molybdenum efanelekile ensimbi ye-chromium-nickel akugcini nje ngokuba nokuqina okuhle, kodwa futhi kuqeda uhlobo lwesibili lokufutheka kwentukuthelo.
5. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kanye nezakhiwo ze-microstructure
Ukwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa kwe-alloy quenched and tempered steel kuyacisha kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kokushisa (ukucisha kanye nokushisa). I-alloy quenched nensimbi ethambile inokuqina okuphezulu, futhi uwoyela usetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile. Uma ukuqina kukhulu kakhulu, kungapholiswa ngisho nomoya, okunganciphisa izinkinga zokwelashwa kokushisa.
Izakhiwo zokugcina ze-alloy quenched nensimbi epholile zincike ekushiseni okushisayo. Ngokuvamile, ukushisa ku-500 ℃-650 ℃ kusetshenziswa. Ngokukhetha izinga lokushisa lokushisa, izakhiwo ezidingekayo zingatholakala. Ukuze uvimbele uhlobo lwesibili lwentukuthelo, ukupholisa ngokushesha (ukupholisa amanzi noma ukupholisa uwoyela) ngemva kokushisa kuyasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina.
I-microstructure ye-alloy ecishiwe nensimbi epholile ngemva kokwelashwa okuvamile kokushisa i-sorbite epholile. Ezingxenyeni ezidinga izindawo ezikwazi ukumelana nokuguga (njengamagiya namaspindle), ukucisha indawo yokushisa yokungeniswa kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kuyenziwa, futhi ukwakheka okungaphezulu kwenziwa i-martensite epholile. Ukuqina kobuso bungafinyelela ku-55HRC ~ 58HRC.
Amandla okukhiqiza ensimbi ecishiwe kanye nethambile ngemva kokucisha nokufudumeza acishe abe ngu-800MPa, futhi ukuqina komthelela kungu-800kJ/m2, futhi ukuqina kwengqikithi bungafinyelela ku-22HRC~25HRC. Uma ubukhulu be-cross-sectional bukhulu futhi bungaqini, ukusebenza kuncipha kakhulu.